The Survival Of Smes In Shanghai's Clothing Industry Is Worrying.

In the past year, Shen Cheng Garment industry The number of employees has decreased by nearly 80 thousand. Shanghai The customs and Excise Department recently released the import and export situation of Shanghai customs area from 1 to April this year. Statistics show that before April Shanghai customs clothing Exit The amount fell by 36.6% over the same period last year, down 56.6% from the fourth quarter of last year. The current situation of SMEs in Shanghai's clothing industry is worrying.

After investigation, it was found that the encounter of small and medium-sized garment enterprises is not an individual phenomenon. In the field of electronic subcontracting, building materials and so on, a considerable number of small and medium-sized enterprises are also having a hard time at the moment.

　 Phenomenon: well-known cashmere enterprises barely survive

"Small factory in Fengxian, Shanghai, is suitable for small quantity orders. It has good quality and high quality, and hopes to have long-term partners." Recently, because there is no order to do, the boss of a small garment factory in Fengxian posted an online order.

"Backlog 3 yuan, one wholesale." A factory that makes Korean orders began selling stocks this month.

Reporters interviewed many small and medium-sized garment factories in the outskirts of Shanghai. Cao boss, Jiading District integrity garment factory told reporters that this year, not only did not order, even workers can not be recruited. It is understood that a few years ago, Anqing villagers from the clothing factory pulled out some lists to do, Cao boss followed a small factory opened. In the first few years business was ok, until last year there were more than 30 machines running, and now only a dozen machines are doing it. "The list is big factory, next, change hands two, we have no profit in our hands." Even more worrying to Cao boss is that even such a list has not been received in the last couple of months, and the list of domestic sales is even less pitiful. Affected by the rising wage surge, Cao boss's workers are working on job hopping. He wants to find two more people, but now a worker bag eats, and the average wage is one hundred yuan a day. "No way to go. When the boss is tired of working, I have lost hundreds of thousands of dollars." Cao said that he had planned to withdraw from the business.

In Jiading, Songjiang and other suburbs, reporters contacted a group of small garment factories. They are facing the same confusion: no order, no workers, higher wages, and no inventory. However, it is not just that small businesses are struggling to survive. Reporters in the interview found that some well-known and medium-sized clothing companies are also struggling to make ends meet.

There is a cashmere clothing enterprise in Pudong. Its products have special counters in many shopping malls in the city, and its brand is well known. But Zhang, who is the head of the enterprise, said, "these months, I dare not answer. The more I receive, the more I lose." He gave reporters such an account: since last year, the price of cashmere raw materials has been rising, and the wages of workers are also rising, but the price of products is difficult to mention because of market competition. Last year, the number of front-line workers in the company was more than 170, which was reduced by about 30 this year. "It's a dilemma if we can't get the list to worry and we can't make money from the list." Zhang said that the current domestic market space is very small, and the profit of foreign trade has been too low.

　　 Data: before April, the volume of garment industry started to drop by 20%

Authoritative statistics show that many garment manufacturers in Shanghai are in the "semi shutdown" state recently. According to the latest statistics of Shanghai clothing association, there are only 101 thousand workers in the garment factories in Shanghai in the first quarter, compared with 180 thousand in the same period last year, a decrease of nearly 80 thousand. According to the Association survey, the number of physical deliveries in the industry decreased by 20% in the 1-4 months of this year. This figure means that the volume of work has dropped by about 20%.

Shanghai customs latest statistics show that in the first quarter, Shanghai clothing exports 1 billion 970 million US dollars, down 36.6% compared with the same period last year, 56.6% lower than the fourth quarter of last year.

Guo Liyang, deputy director and statistician of Shanghai garment industry association, explained that the export rate of clothing in the first quarter of this year was 21.2%, down 29% from the fourth quarter of last year. The average export rate at that time was around 40%, reaching 60% at the highest time. Guo Liyang confirmed that many small and medium-sized textile and garment enterprises in Shanghai received a sharp reduction in orders and were in a "semi shutdown" state. The stores in Europe and the United States used to make up 100 thousand pieces, and now they only supplement thousands of pieces at a time. The reason is that the Middle East and Europe and the United States have been shrinking foreign orders due to the chaos in the Middle East, the Libya war, the Egyptian turmoil and the European debt crisis. In the past, many small and medium-sized foundries mainly processed garments for Middle Eastern countries such as Libya and Egypt.

It is not just the clothing industry that shrank. According to customs statistics, in the first 4 months, the import and export of new and high technology intermediate products in Shanghai customs area slowed down. Among them, the integrated circuit imports 13..9 billion, an increase of 7.9%, the growth rate dropped 48.5 percentage points, liquid crystal display board imports $1 billion 240 million, down 38.2%. According to the Ministry of commerce data, the average profit margin of China's export enterprises in 2010 was 1.47%, and 1-2 in this year dropped to 1.44%.

Despite the increasingly sluggish market, the price of products continued to rise in the first four months. According to the 1-4 month statistics of Shanghai garment industry association, the number of retail clothing in ten shopping malls in Shanghai has shrunk by 1300 over the same period last year, but the price has risen 16.98% on average. Related experts pointed out that since October 2010, the central bank has increased interest rates for four consecutive times. On the one hand, inflation pressure has raised the upstream cost, on the one hand, it has reduced the downstream demand. With the increase of labor costs and raw materials, many garment enterprises have been "rising" this year. {page_break}

　　 Analysis: three factors causing SME plight

The current situation of SMEs in Shanghai's clothing industry is worrying. The analysis of the industry is mainly for the following three reasons.

　  First, financing is difficult to advance.

　 Mr. Hong, a clothing boss in Nanhui, reluctantly said, "it's hard to get a loan from the bank. I first applied for a loan at the Bank of Ningbo branch of the Bank of Xujiahui. All the procedures were fully prepared, and I was about to make the loan. Later, I was asked to go to Minhang branch. Later, I always said bad procedures, or I didn't say that the leaders had been approved. Finally, I said that the policy changed, so that I would apply again next year, in fact, I would not lend."

A bank customer manager told reporters that as the deposit reserve ratio rose to 21%, banks were also "bad money", which significantly reduced lending scale this year. Most small and medium-sized enterprises are not in a good position at present, and banks are unlikely to take the risk. When an enterprise fails, bad debts will be formed. Therefore, the small and medium-sized enterprises that are in trouble are simply unable to get loans.

　　 Factor two purchasing costs continue to rise

In recent years, with the rise of international oil prices and the high price of cotton, the cost of clothing materials has increased a lot.

Reporter survey found that upstream procurement costs continue to break through the bottom line that enterprises can bear, while export clothing prices are extremely difficult, and some enterprises' profits are directly cut. The boss of a clothing trade company calculated a piece of money to reporters: a winter jacket for men and women, which costs about 80 yuan, and the cost of fabric, such as cotton and acrylic, now needs 30 yuan, 10 yuan for rib cloth, 10 yuan for accessories, zippers, buttons, etc. the processing fee is 15 yuan, and for other expenses, a garment can earn 6 yuan or 7 yuan now, which is very good. Last year, such a garment could earn about 12 yuan at this time.

　 Factor three low human cost era no longer

Guo Liyang, deputy director and Statistics Division of Shanghai garment industry association, pointed out that the rise of labor costs has made many small and medium-sized enterprises worse.

At present, the average daily wage of the workers in Shanghai garment factories is nearly 15 dollars, while workers in Vietnam, Kampuchea, Bangladesh and other countries earn 4 to 5 dollars per month. Now, Zara, H&M, GAP and other international garment enterprises have taken some low-end clothing to Southeast Asia to produce. From the beginning of the "labor shortage" to the current "wage surge." The industry generally reflected that this year's clothing industry labor costs rose the most obvious. Guo Liyang said that the domestic labor dividend has entered a very narrow space, and the era of relying on low cost manpower to obtain profit margins is gone. Since the Spring Festival this year, due to the increased cost of orders caused by rising costs, coupled with the increase in export quotas, the profit margins of domestic textile and garment export enterprises have been declining. Guo Liyang said the transfer of orders to lower labor costs is unstoppable.