Can We Not Leave The Back Door When Designing The System?

　    编制计算机程序，程序员总会给自己留下一个甚至多个“后门”。这种后门有恶意和善意两种。恶意后门暂且不论，善意的后门是必须要有的。一旦出现异常，尤其是系统崩溃，程序员可以借助后门走出困境，解救危机。没有后门，就丧失了人对机器的最终控制权。

Various management systems also have similar "back door" phenomenon.

To put it simply, this kind of back door is to set a special condition in the system. Once the phenomenon meets this requirement, the manager can adjust the system with this back door, or even use the back door to reinstall the system.

Under normal circumstances, such a back door is often a "Negation" of the system itself.

For example, in the constitution, there is usually a "state of emergency" rule.

According to this rule, when a state of emergency emerges, it can break the constitutional convention to deal with such problems as war and disaster.

In a state of emergency, the civil rights prescribed by the Constitution can be suspended or deprived. Normal legal procedures can be violated or abandoned, and the functions and powers of certain state organs can be above the conventional law.

Such a "state of emergency" is the "back door" of the constitution.

Without this backdoor, the state will be hard to deal with once a state of emergency occurs.

The same is true of the state and enterprises.

In the design of management system, we must admit that our rationality is limited, and we can not know omnipotence.

Therefore, we should leave the necessary backdoor for the emergence of some uncertainties.

We often see that many systems have presuppositions for exceptions, or even explicit negative provisions.

Such a common example is that when a certain situation occurs, the system is invalid, or the provision of a certain administrative department beyond the discretion of the system, and so on, all belong to such a backdoor.

For example, in the post duty norm, we often list all the responsibilities of the post, and do not forget to add a "temporary work assigned by the leaders except the preceding articles".

The reason for this is that it is impossible for us to list one hundred percent of the responsibilities of the post.

Even if the list is complete, adjustments may be made in case of special circumstances or job requirements.

This provision is actually a back door for senior leaders to temporarily adjust their job responsibilities.

Can we not leave the back door when designing the system?

No.

There are many people who always fall into the pursuit of perfection when formulating a system. Many people like to take the blame and make the necessary back door as a defect when evaluating a system.

Such a pursuit may be good, but it will make the formulation and implementation of the system difficult.

It is very possible to design the system according to the "perfect" standard, and finally get the "embroidered pillow" with beautiful appearance but can not be implemented.

Still, take the constitution as an example. If a constitution does not stipulate the state of emergency at all, we can only judge that the constitution is never intended to be implemented, because it is based on the fact that the state will never be in a state of emergency.

The same is true in the management system. A system that does not reserve the backdoor is certainly not an enforceable system.

　　既然后门是必须的，那么，管理者真正需要注意的是后门的必要性和合理性判断。首先，后门不能过多。只要留有后门，就肯定会对制度在实践运行中“重写”，过多且频繁的“重写”会使制度面目全非。所以，后门非有不可，但同时也得考虑其必要性。可开可不开的后门，就得堵死。一个制度如果后门过多，则会使其走向反面。其次，后门的设置是否合理。善意的后门是为了保证特殊情况下的制度运行，而恶意的后门则是为了制度以外的目的“留一手”。就像计算机程序的后门，是为了保障程序的运行，还是为了留下攻击的端口，这是区分善意和恶意的基本标准。有些管理者在制度中留有后门，目的在于满足自己的恶意需要（主要是利益上的恶意取得和权力上的恶意扩张），这种后门本身就是不合理的。最后，即使是必要而且合理的后门，还有在执行中的运用问题。如果在执行中滥用后门，扭曲后门的正当目的，也会使制度的效用适得其反。